StringSection Blog

Posts Tagged ‘orchestrator’

Preparing string parts from a midi file

Monday, June 29th, 2009

Many of the jobs that we’ve worked on have been for clients who have sent us string parts they’ve written themselves from a midi file. Scoring from midi requires no knowledge of music theory or written notation and often involves the composer playing parts into a keyboard and then printing off the results.

Whilst this is a useful tool in many situations, it rarely produces results that sound convincing for string players once we’re in the studio. Here’s an example: If the composer has little knowledge of the different musical clefs then a cello part can be printed off in a treble clef.  As the range of the cello extends lower than the treble clef can accommodate, we’ve been handed parts with about 10 ledger lines at the bottom of the stave, the notes overlapping the stave below – almost impossible to read. The other problem with playing chords in via a keyboard is that it ends up quite ‘fixed’ with no ‘feel’ and the inner parts don’t have a satisfying musical line -  therefore so much of the potential from hiring session string players is lost.

Writing for any collection of instruments is all about the individual line of each instrument. If the parts are moving in chords, each part sounds best when it is playing a melody that harmonises with the rest of the parts in the piece or track.

Very often, expensive studio time can be wasted whilst session musicians sit around re-writing scored midi parts until they are both readable and playable, so as a matter of course we now do ask clients to send through midi-created parts so that we can tidy them up before the session, and save everyone time and money. We charge a nominal fee of £40 per hour for this  – the same fee as for string arranging from the original track in the first place.

Although it might seem cheaper to create parts using a midi, it can be just as quick and economical to hire a string arranger to score the parts properly for strings in the first place – and results will be more effective with creative harmonies and melodic lines written in to add richness.  As an example, paying a string arranger £40 per hour to spend a couple of hours correctly notating and orchestrating strings will potentially save hours in the studio and the musicians will be able to go in and just play everything right first time from a properly written score, using each instrument to its full potential.

Spacing of Chords

Tuesday, April 28th, 2009

One of the most common ways in which arrangers add strings to a track is through the provision of chords. There are in essence three basic ways of using a chord in music.

One is called a ‘root’ chord, the others are a ‘first’ or ‘second’ inversion of a chord. If the chord in question is in C major and the note C is placed at the bottom, then this is a ‘root chord’ of C. If the next note in the chord (E) is placed at the bottom, this is a ‘first inversion’ and if the third note of the chord (G) is at the bottom, this is a ‘second inversion’ of the chord.

When arranging for strings, inversions add variety to the harmony and give the opportunity for all the parts to move in a musical way. What this means is that you can have an inner part (viola or second violin) moving in step so that when the session musicians play just that part, it has a logical and satisfying musical line to it and doesn’t just jump around randomly.
This is crucial when writing a bass line as it underlines the entire harmony and has to flow as a line of music in it’s own right (as well as fitting with the individual chords).

Sometimes, chords may all be grouped quite close together with the parts low in their register – this is when the rest of the track may have a ‘hole’ in that register which needs filling by the strings. In other situations, the gaps between the individual notes of the chord might be very wide and spaced apart – when a more sparse texture is needed. It’s always possible to thicken or thin out the texture of the strings by doubling notes in different registers (a careful use of double stops), or by not using all the notes in the chord.

A double stop is where two notes are played simultaneously on any given instrument. As the celli, violas and violins are all tuned in fifths, the interval of a fourth, fifth, sixth and octave can all work well. When it comes to thirds, these work better in the violin and viola parts than they do with a cello, but your studio musicians won’t thank you if both the notes in the third are written on the same string!

Other chords which require more than three notes in them are seventh chords (again in the chord of C this would be C, E, G and a Bb on the top), or diminished chords – which are a succession of minor thirds spaced one on top of another.

Jazz chords are a whole area in themselves where the arranger needs to have a good knowledge of harmony and be able to hear the chords in order to arrange around them.

In the next blog entry, I’ll be writing about the effective use of pedal notes.

Sensitivity to the track….

Tuesday, April 14th, 2009

One of the first things to consider when writing string arrangements is how much strings will be needed in a particular track and when it can be potentially overwhelming.

By listening through a song a few times, a string arranger will start to hear places where the addition of string parts will really enhance the piece – and also places where they should fade into something less dominant, or perhaps be left out altogether.

With some songs, it’s definitely a case of ‘less is more’ – so for example if there are passages of beautiful solo piano, or bars where a single voice really stands out, adding orchestral string parts can make the track too busy, drowning out and detracting from what is already there.

Obviously having the power of a full scale string orchestra powering up a big rock number can make a huge impact, whereas a string quartet, or even a solo stringed instrument might be an ideal accompaniment to a soft folk piece or ballad.

Bringing in a wash of strings at key points can be more effective than having them all the way through, adding some harmonies and support to the song. If a client is going to the trouble of hiring session string players they will naturally wish to make the best use of them in the studio, but sometimes ‘less is more’ and a few choice areas where real strings are used can have more impact than an arrangement that uses a string orchestra all the way through.

String parts can also work well as a bridge between verses – or by adding a counter melody, receding low into the mix when other instruments come to the fore.
If there are going to be other orchestral instruments, such as brass or woodwind, it’s probably best to allow one arranger to write all the parts so that they all work in harmony and don’t sound cluttered.

In essence it’s all about having sensitivity to the particular track and following the guidance of the songwriter as closely as possible. On the other hand, when a string arranger is given free reign, there are several ways that string parts can be made more interesting… which I’ll be writing about in the next post.