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Hiring Session Musicians

Monday, July 6th, 2009

Although we’re often hired to create string arrangements or write string parts, also we’re booked by clients who already have their music scored and just want to hire some reliable session musicians. 

Of course, one of the first considerations is how much this is going to cost - and we always stress that the more prepared and organised a studio is, the quicker we can get in and get the work done. Arriving at a studio and finding that the microphones are already set up, the engineer is ready to record and simple things like chairs are in place can all mean that we can simply sit down and record straight away - saving the client time. Time is money and we often arrive early just to make sure everything is set up so that the time we charge for is actually spent playing. From the initial enquiry, if a score (and if possible mp3) can be given to the musicians beforehand, it’s possible to give an accurate estimate of how much time the recording should take, and also to spend a few minutes looking at the score to spot any potential tricky areas that might take more time.

Sometimes - in particular when other instruments are going to be recorded at the same time - it’s hard to estimate how long a recording might take. As we charge a set amount of time per musician for the first two hours (with a reduced hourly rate thereafter), it can be much more economical to get strings added to several tracks on one day. It’s always good to leave the day open - ended without any pressing evening engagements so that if the recording session does over-run it’s all fine.

Once in the studio, one of the musicians will usually keep popping into the booth just to hear back what’s just been recorded and check for any tiny imperfections - things that a string player would pick up on - just in case the producer and engineer may not have heard it - it’s far better to quickly fix any small adjustments in tuning, tone or phrasing at the earliest stage possible, before any post production work has been done.

With developed ears for recording work and experience of how to get the best string tone in front of a microphone, the best session players are able to adjust the tone quality of their instruments to fit in with the ‘feel’ of each individual track.

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Preparing string parts from a midi file

Monday, June 29th, 2009

Many of the jobs that we’ve worked on have been for clients who have sent us string parts they’ve written themselves from a midi file. Scoring from midi requires no knowledge of music theory or written notation and often involves the composer playing parts into a keyboard and then printing off the results.

Whilst this is a useful tool in many situations, it rarely produces results that sound convincing for string players once we’re in the studio. Here’s an example: If the composer has little knowledge of the different musical clefs then a cello part can be printed off in a treble clef.  As the range of the cello extends lower than the treble clef can accommodate, we’ve been handed parts with about 10 ledger lines at the bottom of the stave, the notes overlapping the stave below - almost impossible to read. The other problem with playing chords in via a keyboard is that it ends up quite ‘fixed’ with no ‘feel’ and the inner parts don’t have a satisfying musical line -  therefore so much of the potential from using live strings is lost.

Writing for any collection of instruments is all about the individual line of each instrument. If the parts are moving in chords, each part sounds best when it is playing a melody that harmonises with the rest of the parts in the piece or track.

Very often, expensive studio time can be wasted whilst session musicians sit around re-writing scored midi parts until they are both readable and playable, so as a matter of course we now do ask clients to send through midi-created parts so that we can tidy them up before the session, and save everyone time and money. We charge a nominal fee of £40 per hour for this  - the same fee as for string arranging from the original track in the first place.

Although it might seem cheaper to create parts using a midi, it can be just as quick and economical to hire a string arranger to score the parts properly for strings in the first place - and results will be more effective with creative harmonies and melodic lines written in to add richness.  As an example, paying a string arranger £40 per hour to spend a couple of hours correctly notating and orchestrating will potentially save hours in the studio and the musicians will be able to go in and just play everything right first time from a properly written score, using each instrument to it’s full potential.

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Improvising in the studio, arranging and recording

Friday, June 5th, 2009

This week we contributed to two contrasting recording projects - one for some final year students at SAE in Oxford where the studio was absolutely state of the art and the particular studio we were in used a lot of analogue recording equipment including an old analogue valve mixing desk. The recording was part of an assignment for the students and their brief was to record 4 acoustic instruments on top of guitars / drums etc, with three tracks all in all. The session involved some music which was already scored and some which we were asked to improvise in order to fulfill the assignment brief.

On Monday we were asked for something totally different - working with a talented singer songwriting partnership who needed string quartet parts adding to some tracks which were almost finished. As I’d been asked to arrange the strings for two of the tracks, we’d been working together all week via email with small adjustments to get the strings sounding as close to the composers ideas as possible - this is a process which requires patience as often several revisions are needed before the song is ‘just right’. It’s always gratifying to get into the studio and finally record the parts - and after all the careful arranging work, we laid down the strings at the Dairy Studios in Brixton.  The session ran smoothly and we recorded three songs with very few ’second takes’ needed. Although the majority of the music was scored for string quartet, there were a few bars where the sound needed to be thickened up with an extra violin or viola part, so I stayed on and carefully overdubbed a few phrases at the end to give a larger string sound.

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Pizzicato (plucked strings)

Tuesday, May 26th, 2009

Pizzicato is simply a technique where the strings are plucked rather than bowed (arco). It is a great tool to add variety to a piece and can enhance the rhythmic vitality of a section. As the tension of violin strings is higher than that on guitars, plucked notes tend to give an immediate response with a slightly ‘tight’ sound and a rapid decay.
When used in a full string section, pizzicato can cut through other textures without sounding abrasive, but can also be used to add a touch of humour or quirkiness to a song. Often single notes can be picked out or plucked as part of a counter melody, or if a single chord needs to be struck, 2, 3 or even 4 notes can be simultaneously plucked. In this instance, a knowledge of the tuning of stringed instruments is needed as the spacing of the chord is unique to the string family (being tuned in fifths). A string arranger has to take into account that on a given chord, there is a big spread of notes and it’s important to know which finger takes each string so that the chord ends up being playable by your session musicians.
When writing for stringed instruments, it’s always important to keep in mind how the four strings are tuned unless the lines are very simple. If the parts have been written on a keyboard, they may not necessarily be playable on a violin, viola or cello so unless the composer is a professional string arranger, having a string player check them through is advisable before entering the studio.
Although usually used sparingly, adding some pizzicato effects can be a great way to bring some bounce and life to a string arrangement. Plucked strings can be soft and subtle or really dramatic.

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Spacing of Chords

Tuesday, April 28th, 2009

One of the most common ways in which strings are added to a track is through the provision of chords. There are in essence three basic ways of using a chord in music.

One is called a ‘root’ chord, the others are a ‘first’ or ’second’ inversion of a chord. If the chord in question is in C major and the note C is placed at the bottom, then this is a ‘root chord’ of C. If the next note in the chord (E) is placed at the bottom, this is a ‘first inversion’ and if the third note of the chord (G) is at the bottom, this is a ’second inversion’ of the chord.

When arranging for strings, inversions add variety to the harmony and give the opportunity for all the parts to move in a musical way. What this means is that you can have an inner part (viola or second violin) moving in step so that when the session musicians play just that part, it has a logical and satisfying musical line to it and doesn’t just jump around randomly.
This is crucial when writing a bass line as it underlines the entire harmony and has to flow as a line of music in it’s own right (as well as fitting with the individual chords).

Sometimes, chords may all be grouped quite close together with the parts low in their register - this is when the rest of the track may have a ‘hole’ in that register which needs filling by the strings. In other situations, the gaps between the individual notes of the chord might be very wide and spaced apart - when a more sparse texture is needed. It’s always possible to thicken or thin out the texture of the strings by doubling notes in different registers (a careful use of double stops), or by not using all the notes in the chord.

A double stop is where two notes are played simultaneously on any given instrument. As the celli, violas and violins are all tuned in fifths, the interval of a fourth, fifth, sixth and octave can all work well. When it comes to thirds, these work better in the violin and viola parts than they do with a cello, but your studio musicians won’t thank you if both the notes in the third are written on the same string!

Other chords which require more than three notes in them are seventh chords (again in the chord of C this would be C, E, G and a Bb on the top), or diminished chords - which are a succession of minor thirds spaced one on top of another.

Jazz chords are a whole area in themselves where the arranger needs to have a good knowledge of harmony and be able to hear the chords in order to arrange around them.

In the next blog entry, I’ll be writing about the effective use of pedal notes.

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